International finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International finance - Research Paper Example Additionally, the company was ranked number two in manufacture of quality skincare products and was awarded Quality System Certification in 2002 by the Saudi Arabia government, making it one of the most renowned cosmetic companies in Middle East. Thus, this paper will delve into a marketing plan of Saudis Cosmetic Company as it tries to enter London, United Kingdom. Southwest Airlines is a service industry in Tunisia that aims at offering its customers with distinctive air transport services. The company started in 1969 in Tunis Tunisia, with an aim of providing its customers with air transport at a lower cost and an effective one for that matter. Eventually, the company adopted a strategy that seeks to provide its diverse customers with added value by making sure that the services exceed the price paid by the customer as well as what the customer expects to pay for the services. The company believes that creating value is one of the crucial activities the firm would take to attain a competitive edge. Even though the company started with purchasing products that were diesel powered, it has managed to replace its components and equipments with modern equipment, which are environmentally friendly, at a reduced cost. More so, it has managed to come up with more innovative products in the new airport lounges and the business class products. The company has also managed to come up with a number of trained personnel who take care of the children while their parents are in the â€Å"business class.† This new experience within the industry creates an added value for the customers. Mode of market entry. According to Li & Fung Research centre (2007), the emergence of foreign cosmetic firms in Saudi Arabia has led to a decrease of Saudis Cosmetic Company’s market share from 18.99% in 2001 to 9% in 2003. And even though the company targets middle and low-income earners, living in rural and lower-tier cities in 2006, its sales revenue dropped significantly to $ 43.7 million. As a result, Guangzhou Wuyi, a Chinese cosmetic company, purchased it in 2006, hoping that Saudis Cosmetic Company stands a good position in providing viable means for local market penetration through various distribution channels, as well as through brand equity. The Saudi cosmetic retail sales have been on an upward trend from 2006 to 2007, as evidenced by last year’s unprecedented sales reaching 1 million Dollars and growth of 16.0%. As a result, Saudi Arabia is considered as the fastest growing cosmetic market in the globe, eliciting foreign cosmetic investors in the market. The success of this company has been attributable to a number of factors, which include an increase in social-economic status, presence of women in cosmetic workforce, influence from western culture, and government’s promotion to local consumption in a bid to enhance the economy of the nation (Alon, 2003, p. 164). In today’s market, the Saudis Cosmetic Company faces stiff competition from a number of foreign companies investing in Saudi Arabia, which include Beijing Dabao Cosmetic Company, Estee Lauder, and Shiseido, among others. The Estee Lauder is on record for having made a sales growth of 40% in 2009, the same year that Saudis Cosmetic Company recorded a decrease in sales growth. It is, therefore, evident that Saudis Cosme

Who Killed the Electric Car Essay Example for Free

Who Killed the Electric Car Essay The electric car introduced in 1996 and was popular in California. The car was quiet small and produced no exhaust; it was a product that was loved by consumers and eco-friendly. This idea of the electric car was not one that was recent in implementing; about 100 years ago there were more electric cars than there were gas cars and they ran really well and quiet. The problem was that after long term use the car would get slower while the gas car was fine as long as there was enough gas in it and they were fast. Over time the air in California is very toxic due to over use of gas cars; 1 out of 4 from the ages of 15-25 have respiratory Issues in Los Angeles; there were 41 stage 1 smog alerts and 19 pounds of Carbon Dioxide was in their atmosphere. Car companies needed a change and wanted to be the first to revolutionize the car industry and introduce the electric car. In 1987 General Motors won the world’s solar race in Australia and started to do research on building a car model for everyday uses. To encourage the advancement in the car industry the state of California passed the Zero Emissions Vehicle Mandate in 1990. The mandate states that if dealers want to sell cars in California some of the cars had to produce no exhaust. This was hard to do because the electric cars were so expensive and many people had to lease the cars because they weren’t up for sale. The car was extremely popular to people who were eco-friendly however the car had very little advertisement and supports started to lose interest. In a survey taken 4000 people said they would try the electric car but when those 4000 were called only 50 ended up signing a lease for the car. The electric car wasn’t doing too good in the sales department. Because the demand seemed to be very low for electric cars GM suffered in sales and because the car was so expensive to produce it was hard to keep on the market. Things changed in 2003 when the government joined the Car Industry to improve the environment. Their involvement didn’t stop the car from being taken off the market and in the early 2000s the Mandate was revoked. At this time all electric car users had to return their car or face legal action and this incredible idea was gone. Nobody knew what was happening to their cars and one day on Californian Green it was shown that the EV was being shredded. It turned out that all these cars faced the same fate. Activist found another location where a few EV electric cars were located and they raised 1. 9 million dollars to buy the cars but there attempts were futile, they had been declined by GM losing their electric cars for good. I think that there was a combination of consumers, GM, and the government who killed the electric car. Consumers could have shone more interest in the vehicle by leasing more of the car and even though the car was expensive it was worth the investment in the long run and had people given the EV a change they would have known that. GM was not very big on advertising for the car and they didn’t really enjoy losing money but it seems as if they didn’t even want to support the EV and go the extra mile to promote it. And finally the government, they should be taking control of the car industry and focus more on producing eco-friendly, environmentally safe vehicles just like they take control of economic regulation. They work hard for everything but the environment. The EV the first efficient electric car was not only a work of art but a step into the future and had consumers, GM, and the government took more interest it wouldn’t have died so many years ago.

Concept of Easy War

Concept of Easy War Key Judgments Easy War, the conception that war has minimal impact on Western states and their citizens, provides a useful analytical framework in order to critique and study how Western states become involved in military conflicts. In using this framework, it is understood that the over reliance on technologically advanced military capabilities, and omission of serious review of military doctrine, will lead to Western militaries continuing reliance on methods that make wars Easy due to allowing the state to easily become involved in conflict. However, easy war overlooks that while it is easier for states to commit to conflict, the burdens on citizens have not all but disappeared, but have intensified in certain cases or The concept of easy war revolves around the ability of Western states to sell the idea of waging war to its citizens due to its minimal impacts on them, thereby increasing the ability of Western states to commit war by limiting domestic opposition to it. The ability to commit to and persuade the public that an impending conflict is an easy war largely functions on the basis of the revolution in military affairs (RMA) that developed in the 1980s, culminating in the 1991 Gulf War, and continuing throughout the 1990s. The success that Western militaries have had from these the wars of the 1990s has led to a cognitive dissonance associated with current military capabilities and doctrine, whereby many strategic thinkers and policymakers ignore the failures in these wars and believe that because their militaries are technologically superior, victory is certain and cheap. While there is some truth to the precepts of Easy War, by and large citizens are still affected in significant ways, but changes in how Western states conduct warfare has changed how they are affected and increased how critical citizens are to certain variables. The repercussions of the United States (US) wars shows the fallacy of easy war when taking into account: decreased spending on infrastructure and social programs, massive national debt, ambiguity about the righteous cause of its actions, and an increased sensitivity to causalities in war. Introduction The success of military operations by Western states throughout the 1990s has led to a reliance on the use of technology and concepts of RMA whereby governments can sell war to its citizens as easy. The ability to sell a war as easy to a states population is a result of the systemic change in how Western states organize their military, technological advances, and society interacts with the military. Due in large part to the overwhelming victory in the 1991 Gulf War, many policy makers incorrectly believed that advancements in military technology would allow Western states to ignore the supremacy of politics in war and win with overwhelming force.[1] It took until the invasion of Afghanistan and the 2003 invasion of Iraq that convinced Western states that technology does not always mean victory when you have to acknowledge the politics of the situation. However, there remains a risk that Western states will not learn from these wars, but rather remain committed to easy war with the us e of air and sea power as a means to limit costs and lives. In such an event, there would be little to no chance of true success or resolution to these conflicts. Easy war has two problems that must be addressed. The first problem is that military advancements and change means citizens are not adversely affected by the war and can be sold to them as easy of cost, conscious, and effort.[2] Second, subordinate to Western ways of war making it easy on citizens, the reduced impact on citizens then limits or removes a significant amount of public pressure on the government when seeking to enter into a conflict, thus allowing Western states greater freedom to conduct war. Background Easy war is described by Paul Starr as a war that is easy in the sacrifices it demands of us, easy on our consciences, easy on our pocketbooks.[3] The primary attributes of easy war include: not having to face the adverse effects of mass mobilization, rationing, increased taxes or economic burden, rationing, few causalities, and being guaranteed of our righteous cause while still minimizing civilian deaths.[4] All of these variables are then sold to the public to show that the government not only should conduct war, but that the state is so effective that the citizenry can go about their lives without a worry, knowing that their government is doing good abroad. Easy war is contrasted with the major wars of the 20th century; largely that of the total war environments of World War 1 and World War 2 where citizens had to make significant sacrifices for the good of the country and to ensure full effort by the state in these conflicts.[5] Easy war is a result of the obsession in RMA that emerged from the 1991 Gulf War and Post-Gulf War where the primary military technological innovations were in the areas of intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR); advanced command, control, communications computer applications, and intelligence processing (C4I); and precision fire.[6]ÂÂ   The result of these advancements in military technology meant that the fog of war became easier to overcome, that communication between all levels of the military became quicker, and that targets could be hit with pinpoint accuracy from safe distances.[7]ÂÂ   With the overwhelming victory that these advancements helped to achieve in the 1991 Gulf War caused the belief that focusing purely on advancing military technology would not only ensure that the US and Western states would have dominance in war, but that adversaries would not even threaten the West.[8] The culmination of this thinking led to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, Iraq in particular was described and sold as being an easy war where the US military would be in and out of Iraq in 90 days, but these conflicts overlooked that military hardware is not everything.[9]ÂÂ   These wars ignored what some strategists argued that military preeminence without an appropriate strategy to shape and utilize it is both dangerous and fleeting.[10] The result of ignoring the strategy to understand the political components of warfare led to protracted and costly wars that were in no way the easy wars the public was sold on. Substantiation Although the critiques on the Western ways of easy war are well founded and offer good critiques, it broadly overlooks the changing landscape of warfare in general and its overall effects on the state and its citizens.Western states have done away with some of the major mechanisms to support states in conflict that disproportionately affects citizens, ie mass mobilization, rationing, drafts, but these are not the only ways that citizens can be affected. These mechanisms are equated with and closely tied to total war, which is not the dominant type of warfare in the 21st century. Rather, warfare for Western states in the 21st century has thus far been largely focused on addressing asymmetric and unconventional threats. To face these new threats Western states have relied upon technology in order to avoid the costs of total war, but with these methods come with new costs of non-traditional war. While Western states sell the public on minimal costs of wars, this is no such thing as cost free. By August 2016 the total costs of the US wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Syria have amounted to $4.79 trillion.[11] Complicating this further is that most of these costs add to the US debt. Interest costs from this debt will at least be $7.9 trillion as a result of these wars, which has been shown to have directly affected the ability of the US to in infrastructure and tens of thousands of jobs.[12]ÂÂ   Comparatively, the cost of the US involvement in the NATO intervention in Libya cost approximately $1.1 billion.[13] Though this shows that a reliance on air power alone, and working with NATO allies, can significantly lower the costs of war, it is by no means free and was only possible due to NATO supporting rebel forces on the ground in Libya. Second to cost, but no less important or severe, is that there are no such thing as bloodless wars and Western states must recognize there are human costs to every war. Despite promises of minimal loss of life that is associated with selling easy war, causalities in Iraq and Afghanistan were in no way low. US military casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq from initial invasion up to March 3rd 2017 have amounted to 6,766.[14] Compared to the total wars of WW1 and WW2, this seems minor, though in the age of professional and small Western militaries, causalities are more significant. A possible result of this as the public becomes accustomed to limited or no casualties, the public will become hyper-sensitive and less accepting of deaths, thus providing a public pressure on the state to not seek war. In addition, what must be accounted for are the short and long term effects on civilians. In its intervention of Libya, NATO had no casualties and limited civilian casualties to 72 deaths.[15] However, the intervention directly led to Libyas current Civil War that has caused over half a million people to flee the country, ongoing fighting, and the Islamic State to gain a foothold in the country.[16] Once it is recognized that there are serious costs in war, it must be acknowledged that the advancements in military technology does not replace strategy or replace diplomacy and political settlement. These facts were once again overlooked in Western states involvement in Libya and currently in Iraq/Syria where the focus is to bomb first and consider the political repercussions afterwards. While Western states may no longer view that a state can be rebuilt in 90 days, there still remains an overall lack of attention to politics. General H.R. McMaster succinctly stated: Be skeptical of concepts that divorce war from its political nature, particularly those that promise fast, cheap victory through technology.[17] Not only are politics essential to avoiding and ending conflict, but can minimize the intensity of the conflict by addressing grievances of communities.[18] Ultimately, even when addressing the political situations of emerging conflicts is essential to the resolution of unconv entional conflicts; Western states will continue to struggle with unconventional enemies in their effort to reconcile its Western values while meeting its security needs. Outlook Despite the heavy investments and advancements in military technology to achieve it, there is no such thing as an easy war. War remains a costly, deadly, and complex affair that requires the recognition that technology cannot solve everything. The cognitive dissonance of this fact whereby Western states are ignoring politics and diplomacy to pursue war to solve complex political problems is evident from conflicts more than from the past five years, but since 2001. More recently, from Libya to Syria, Western states still believe in easy war, but the public is finding this less and less persuasive. As the public increasingly becomes critical of the heavy debt and costs of war, the impact on lives, and the moral ambiguity associated with being involved in such wars, governments will no longer be able to persuasively argue that a war is easy. References Casualty Status. United States Department of Defense. March 03, 2017. Civil War in Libya. Council on Foreign Relations. Accessed March 01, 2017. CNN Wire Staff. CNN Fact Check: Comparing costs of Iraq, Libya missions. CNN. Accessed March 01, 2017. Crawford, Neta C. US Budgetary Costs of Wars through 2016: $4.79 Trillion and Counting Summary of Costs of the US Wars in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan and Homeland Security. Costs of War, September 2016. Mcmaster, H. R. The Pipe Dream of Easy War. The New York Times. July 20, 2013. Accessed March 01, 2017. Owens, William A. The Emerging U.S. System-of-Systems. National Defense University Strategic Forum, Institute for National Strategic Studies, No. 63, February 1996. Starr, Paul. The Easy War. The American Prospect. Accessed March 01, 2017. Unacknowledged Deaths: Civilian Casualties in NATOs Air Campaign in Libya. Human Rights Watch. October 19, 2015. Accessed March 02, 2017. [1] H. R. Mcmaster, The Pipe Dream of Easy War, The New York Times, July 20, 2013, accessed March 01, 2017. [2] System of systems [3] Paul Starr, The Easy War, The American Prospect, accessed March 01, 2017. [4] Ibid. [5] Ibid. [6] Owens, William A., The Emerging U.S. System-of-Systems, National Defense University Strategic Forum, Institute for National Strategic Studies, No. 63, February 1996, p. 1-2. [7] Ibid. [8] H. R. Mcmaster, The Pipe Dream of Easy War, The New York Times, July 20, 2013, accessed March 01, 2017. [9] Paul Starr, The Easy War, The American Prospect, accessed March 01, 2017. [10] Strategy and RMA page 2 [11] Neta C. Crawford, US Budgetary Costs of Wars through 2016, Costs of War, September 2016. [12] Ibid. [13] CNN Wire Staff, CNN Fact Check: Comparing costs of Iraq, Libya missions, CNN, accessed March 01, 2017. [14] Casualty Status, United States Department of Defense, March 03, 2017. [15] Unacknowledged Deaths, Human Rights Watch, October 19, 2015, accessed March 02, 2017. [16] Civil War in Libya, Council on Foreign Relations, accessed March 01, 2017. [17] H. R. Mcmaster, The Pipe Dream of Easy War, The New York Times, July 20, 2013, accessed March 01, 2017. [18] Ibid.

What The Human Genome Revolution Could Mean For Me And The Rio Grande V

What The Human Genome Revolution Could Mean For Me And The Rio Grande Valley The human genome revolution will have as big an impact on the average person as it does on the scientist researching it. Millions of people throughout the world will benefit from this experimentation. Understanding genetic material and the ability to pinpoint errors in genes, may lead to the prevention of many genetic diseases. The ultimate goal is to use research to develop new ways to treat, care, or even prevent the thousands of diseases that afflict humankind. Although the scientific community delivers many contributions to this scientific accomplishment, the road to a new age of disease free human life is long and rocky with struggles and disbelief. Whether inherited or resulting from the body’s response to environmental stresses, all diseases have a genetic component. The advances in this field hold an excellent future for treating and curing genetic diseases. Scientists can do this by using normal genes to supplement defective genes and to bolster immunity t o disease. In the Rio Grande Valley, an area dominated by Hispanic ancestry, many genetic diseases, such as diabetes, are common illnesses suffered by many people. According to the Mendelian Laws of Heredity, diabetes is an inherited disease, resulting from a recessive trait and affecting millions of people throughout the United States, especially people of Hispanic origins. When the body cannot make full use of some foods we eat, mainly carbohydrates of sugars and starches, a large gland under the stomach called the pancreas does not make available enough insulin to burn these foods as energy or sto... ...ent of most, if not all, human diseases.† The human genome revolution affects the Rio Grande Valley and myself because it will help to treat and prevent genetic diseases that others and I may be afflicted by. This research is important, especially to couples, because every baby born deserves a chance in life in a disease free world. The research is also significant to those who suffer from diabetes; they too deserve a life free of physical illnesses and constant medical care. In my life, I personally know and love many people that have been affected by these genetic diseases and helping them receive treatment will be the greatest gift of love I could ever offer. I know there are also many people that feel the same, because everyone has a special person in their life, a family member, friend, peer or acquaintance that will benefit from this remarkable research.

With the Old Breed

â€Å"With The Old Breed† by Eugene Sledge is a startling account of World War II was based on his memoirs he witnessed as a mortar man with Kilo Company 3/5 on Peleliu and Okinawa. Less popularly know than other battles in the Pacific region, these battles were as bloody and ferocious as any other. Eugene Sledge gives a straightforward approach, illustrating the climate, conditions, and characterizing the morale of the Marines surrounding him fighting the Japanese. Eugene Sledge’s experience with the military began at Marion Military Institute. He later joined the V-12 officer-training program to prepare himself to become an officer in the military. He promptly left the comfortable life of college by leaving the program to enter boot camp at San Diego, California. The Marine Corp Recruit Depot, San Diego, became Sledge’s new home. The training He would receive would eventually save his life in the future. Corporal Doherty, Sledge’s drill instructor, amplified everything it meant to be a Marine and set a positive example for the recruits in his command. He demonstrated the attitude, character, strength, endurance, enthusiasm, experience, and determination of a true professional. He taught his platoon the basics of being a Marine. Weapons handling, shooting, marching, and discipline were emphasized through the entirety of boot camp. Sledge would use the basic Marine Corp knowledge as he furthered his training and preparation for combat at Camp Elliott. Arriving at Camp Elliott, Private First Class Sledge had to make a decision about which weaponry he wanted to be assigned and He would choose 60 mm mortars. A Non Commissioned Officer taught Sledge his entire knowledge of how to effectively operate his weapon, assemble and disassemble, and the knowledge to strike the enemy when the opportunity came. For PFC Sledge, the opportunity came earlier than he could imagine. PFC Sledge’s accounts of the battle are a great illustration to the actual battlefield. As though you are in the story, you can imagine the nervousness of the men, the sound of explosions, the whistling of rounds flying down range, and the cries of dying and injured Marines. From the beach assault to making landfall, Sledge carefully describes every footstep. September 15, 1944 was the day the Marines of Kilo Company 3/5 landed on Peleliu. Peleliu was a defensive stronghold for the Japanese, who were entrenched and waiting for the attack. The 10,000 Japanese defenders covered every square inch of Peleliu and fought use a new style of fighting. The defense-in-depth tactic would be used to cover more areas and inflict many more causalities than previous strategies. The bonsai attack, which sent the surviving Japanese on a suicide run towards the Americans, would not be used again. Private First Class Sledge would begin to learn that war does change a man forever. Sledged witnesses a human being cut open like an animal carcass for slaughter after the battle at Peleliu. A combat veteran comes upon the incident without hesitation and begins collecting all the gear of the dead man as though it is a scrap yard. Sledge freezes during the moment only focusing on the dead Japanese soldier. He would foreshadow the he too will be hardened later on as the battles become bloodier and the loss of friends weigh deeper on his mind. With the Old Breed His first tour of combat took place at Pipeline and Engineers where U. S. Soldiers and Japanese soldiers fought inhumanely and relentlessly, and maybe even pointlessly. He went on his second tour of combat at Okinawa, where he felt more obligated and certain of his duties. He had solid reasoning as to why everything was to take place with the second tour, unlike his uncertainty on the first one. With the Old Breed covers three mall themes: the Importance of being prepared, the cost of warfare and war stories.The importance of preparedness is a reoccurring theme in this narrative. Corporal T. J. Doherty, Drill Instructor of Platoon 984, was a great example of the importance of preparedness. For eight weeks of boot camp Corporal Doherty required the men to march on the beach in the sand, making it harder and more strenuous for them. Unlike other corporals and generals, Doherty does not engage In negative mental and psychological abuse. Corporal Doherty the highest level of performance from the men at the weakest times, for example, during their sleep schedules he would awaken them and demand unplanned hikes and exercise rituals.He made sure to train the men while they were sleep deprived and utterly exhausted. He also showed great attention to safety and weapons training. Sledge then went on to train for a few more months in infantry training school. Although this training not as stressful, It was equally demanding and intense. After this training was complete, Sledge was deployed to Fauve and received additional training that seemed pointless. All of this training was called upon when the united States invaded Pipeline. Other soldiers who had not completed this training or were pulled out of training early for battle were soon regretful.They did not last and were not as well equipped with skills to survive in battle. Some were even killed before their paperwork was processed. Sledge and others who had plentiful and adequate training held steadfast and fought an honorable fight. Sledge depicts himself as a patriotic, committed marine who was always prepared to serve his country under any circumstance; however, he understood and questioned the negative, sometimes unnecessary outcomes. He reflected in his passages the fatalities, the wounded soldiers, the psychological abuse of soldiers and even the brutality of the act itself.Sledge's subconscious often led him to question war, even though at the time of war he did not fight against It. As a marine, he did fact that other soldiers questioned were dominating Pipeline even relevant? Why not just bypass it like countless other Japanese possessed islands? Research of the Pipeline attack show that 6,256 U. S Marine soldiers and 10,900 Japanese casualties took place during this particular combat. The second battle, that took place in Okinawa, was fought with more evident understanding of why they were fighting.They did not question this battle as they did the first. He did not reflect upon this ba ttle as he did the first time. He condensed the fight to this quote, â€Å"their lives were wasted on a muddy stinking slope for no good reason† (p. 280). † With the Old Breed, in itself, is an old war story told by a marine veteran. This novel is a Sledge's personal recount of his strenuous training and time spent in battle, including people he felt were important to his story. He begins his story with his enlistment into the marines. He then takes us on a Journey through his career as a marine.He greatly details of his laborious, energy-consuming boot camp training, here they were greatly rest deprived, physically and mentally exhausted. He then continues with his infantry training, where he received even more training to prepare him, mind and body, for combat. His focus and emphasis placed on the training he received in the end was a grand part of the development of his story. Once the troops were sent in, Sledge and other soldiers of equal training endured, fought a nd strategists longer and stronger than their counterparts of lesser training. He went on to document and detail his time spent in Fauve, Pipeline and Engineers.After arriving combat in Pipeline and Engineers against the Japanese, Sledge was sent to Fauve for rest and work camp. His final combat zone was Okinawa; this was his second tour of combat. Needless to say, he survived here as well, thus the end of his war story. This personal memoir, or collection of war stories, recounts Sledge's experiences both in training and in actual combat. He analyzes what actually happens, whether it was the long, stressful training sessions or the even more brutal acts that took place on the battle field. He recounts and teaches a lesson.

The Hurt Locker When There Is Nowhere Else Left to Run

The Hurt Locker When There Is Nowhere Else Left to Run Introduction. Diving into the Psychology of the Hurt Locker: PTSD For those who have seen the terror of war, the given experience is a point of no return – there is no way for one to look at the world in a different view; the bloodbath becomes the only way possible picture of reality. Because of the horrible experience that the characters in The Hurt Locker had, the resulting acute post-traumatic stress disorder comes as a fee for surviving through this hell.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hurt Locker: When There Is Nowhere Else Left to Run specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Locking their pain within, as if concealing it in a secret locker, the characters are to suffer from the PTSD for the rest of their lives. As a matter of fact, the above-mentioned means that peaceful life becomes impossible for the lead character, the only survivor in the battle, forcing him to leave the realm of the family and enter th e battlefield once again. Revealing the Symptoms: Watch the Characters Agonizing However, there is a considerable difference between a movie and reality. In the real world, the people with PTSD are supposed to display certain symptoms that can be attributed only to the specified disorder, case in pint being the PTSD, while in a movie, some symptoms can be more subtle or, on the contrary, exaggerated for the sake of the dramatic atmosphere. Considering The Hurt Locker in particular, one must mention that the key symptoms of the PTSD are revealed quite soon: â€Å"Sgt. JT Sanborn: Im not ready to die, James. SFC William James: Well, youre not gonna die out here, bro† (The Hurt Locker). In addition, the above-mentioned symptoms correspond to the standard PTSD symptoms for the most part, since PTSD patients can be characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors to reduce anxiety (Myers). Concerning the Casual Factors: The Underlying Message There is a rh yme and reason for every change in the life or personality of a human being; the given rule is especially true for mental and psychological disorders, which are, as a rule, a result of a severe psychological trauma (Xenakis). Analyzing the movie, one has to mention that for William James, the leading character, the key factor that caused the PTSD was the war itself, with all its violence, murder and pointless sacrifice. The given state displays a lot of similarities with the definition of key PTSD factors offered by Myers: â€Å"The complaints of battled-scarred veterans [†¦] recurring haunting memories and nightmares, a numbed social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and insomnia- are typical of what once was called â€Å"shellshock† or â€Å"battle fatigue† and now is called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)† (Myers 604), namely, the one that severe war traumas and the explosion to violence lead to a complete reestablishment of one’s life values. The Received Treatment: When Actions Are More Efficient than Medicine As it has been explained above that the PTSD can hardly be cured; in the light of the above-mentioned, it would be a silly idea for a movie claiming to be realistic to the last scene to offer a plot where William is successfully treated or even offered certain medicine. Quite on the contrary, The Hurt Locker makes it obvious that some of the war wounds cannot be healed, and PTSD is one of those wounds (Serlin).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, William’s return to the military environment can be considered a kind of treatment – or, to be more exact, prophylactics. At some point William’s PTSD stops seeming a disorder and rather appears to be a different vision of reality, which is completely incompatible with the civil life. Hence, William’s return to the army can be conside red as the fact that, completely changed by war, he no longer belongs in the civil society and chooses the realm where he belongs. A peculiar portrayal of escapism, the given scene adds much to the character development. PTSD and the Characters’ Personal Life: Concerning the Impact Because of the awful slaughter which William saw in the battlefield, he is not able to live among the rest of the people anymore. He even cannot look at his son playing carelessly without a bitter remark: â€Å"And then you forget the few things you really love. And by the time you get to my age, maybe its only one or two things. With me, I think its one.† (The Hurt Locker). William no longer can live in civil society. Walking in the Characters’ Shoes: Life with PTSD It seems that living with this kind of a mental disorder is much like feeing completely out of place all the time. As a matter of fact, William must have felt like a living dead waking among the living ones, since he coul d not share their emotions; neither could he be happy just for a while – constantly on alert for something bad to happen, he felt that peaceful life is no longer his realm. Overall Reaction and the Portrayal of the PTSD Disorder Hence, it can be considered that the idea of the PTSD disorder developing within the minds of the people who have faced the dread of war has been portrayed in the movie in a rather impressive way. Making the audience go through all the tortures that the lead character faces, the movie creates a very authentic atmosphere, portraying the people whose idea of reality has been replaced with the war strategy and the heat of the fight. It is important that the actors play their roles in a rather subtle way, which makes the impression even greater, and the images of the people suffering from PTSD even more memorable. Hurt Locker. Ex. Prod. Tony Mark. Universal City, California: Universal Studios. 2012. DVD. Myers, David G. Psychology. 9th ed. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. 2010. Print.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Hurt Locker: When There Is Nowhere Else Left to Run specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Serlin, Irene. â€Å"Hurt Locker: Treating Trauma in the Body and the PTSD Experience.† Psychology Today 7 Mar. 2010. Web. Xenakis, Stephen n. d. What â€Å"The Hurt Locker† Got Right. Web.